Cell Transplant. 2015 Jan 23. [Epub ahead of print]

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: a new era for stem cell therapy.

Ding DC, Chang YH, Shyu WC, Lin SZ.

Abstract

The human umbilical cord is a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs). Unlike bone marrow stem cells, HUCMSCs have a painless collection procedure and faster self-renewal properties. Different derivation protocols may provide different amounts and populations of stem cells. Stem cell populations have also been reported in other compartments of the umbilical cord such as the cord lining, perivascular tissue, and Wharton's jelly. HUCMSCs are non-controversial sources compared to embryonic stem cells. They can differentiate into the three germ layers that promote tissue repair and modulate immune responses and anti-cancer properties. Thus, they are attractive autologous or allogenic agents for the treatment of malignant and non-malignant solid and soft cancers. HUCMCs also can be the feeder layer for embryonic stem cells or other pluripotent stem cells. Regarding their therapeutic value, storage banking system and protocols should be established immediately. This review critically evaluates their therapeutic value, challenges, and future directions for their clinical applications.