Nat Cell Biol. 2015 Jun 22. doi: 10.1038/ncb3193. [Epub ahead of print]

The oncogene c-Jun impedes somatic cell reprogramming.

Liu J¹, Han Q¹, Peng T¹, Peng M¹, Wei B¹, Li D¹, Wang X², Yu S³, Yang J¹, Cao S¹, Huang K¹, Hutchins AP², Liu H¹, Kuang J³, Zhou Z¹, Chen J¹, Wu H⁴, Guo L¹, Chen Y¹, Chen Y¹, Li X¹, Wu H¹, Liao B¹, He W¹, Song H¹, Yao H¹, Pan G¹, Chen J², Pei D².

Abstract

Oncogenic transcription factors are known to mediate the conversion of somatic cells to tumour or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here we report c-Jun as a barrier for iPSC formation. c-Jun is expressed by and required for the proliferation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), but not mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Consistently, c-Jun is induced during mESC differentiation, drives mESCs towards the endoderm lineage and completely blocks the generation of iPSCs from MEFs. Mechanistically, c-Jun activates mesenchymal-related genes, broadly suppresses the pluripotent ones, and derails the obligatory mesenchymal to epithelial transition during reprogramming. Furthermore, inhibition of c-Jun by shRNA, dominant-negative c-Jun or Jdp2 enhances reprogramming and replaces Oct4 among the Yamanaka factors. Finally, Jdp2 anchors 5 non-Yamanaka factors (Id1, Jhdm1b, Lrh1, Sall4 and Glis1) to reprogram MEFs into iPSCs. Our studies reveal c-Jun as a guardian of somatic cell fate and its suppression opens the gate to pluripotency.